The portion of asylumlaw.org relating to Canadian law is maintained by the FCJ Hamilton House Refugee Project in Toronto. Canada signed the Geneva Convention of 1951 and the 1967 protocol to the convention and uses the Geneva Convention definition of Convention Refugee. When a person claims to be a Convention refugee at a Canadian port-of-entry or after entry into Canada, the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB) determines whether he or she is a Convention refugee. The IRB grants refugee status to an average of 12,500 people a year. However, it is Canada Immigration (CIC) which determines whether the claimant is eligible to have his or her claim heard at the IRB and most claimants are found eligible. Once found eligible, the refugee claimant has access to benefits such as: Health insurance, education, social assistance (welfare), and legal assistance (the scope of which varies from province to province). The Personal Information Form (PIF) is the key written document in the application for refugee status. It must be completed and filed with the IRB within 28 days of being declared eligible for a hearing by the CIC. Hearings are conducted by two member panels of the IRB. The refugee hearing is defined as non-adversarial, private and confidential. As in other countries, legal assistance in the preparation and presentation of a case has a significant impact on an applicant's chances for success.
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